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The Yunnanese from southwestern China have for millennia traded throughout upland Southeast Asia. Burma in particular has served as a "back door" to Yunnan, providing a sanctuary for political refugees and economic opportunities for trade explorers. Since the Chinese Communist takeover in 1949 and subsequent political upheavals in China, an unprecedented number of Yunnanese refugees have fled to Burma. Through a personal narrative approach, Beyond Borders is the first ethnography to focus on the migration history and transnational trading experiences of contemporary Yunnanese Chinese migrants (composed of both Yunnanese Han and Muslims) who reside in Burma and those who have moved from Burma and resettled in Thailand, Taiwan, and China.Since the 1960s, Yunnanese Chinese migrants of Burma have dominated the transnational trade in opium, jade, and daily consumption goods. Wen-Chin Chang writes with deep knowledge of this trade's organization from the 1960s of mule-driven caravans to the use of modern transportation, and she reconstructs trading routes while examining embedded sociocultural meanings. These Yunnanese migrants' mobility attests to the prevalence of travel not only by the privileged but also by different kinds of people. Their narratives disclose individual life processes as well as networks of connections, modes of transportation, and differences between the experiences of men and women. Through traveling they have carried on the mobile livelihoods of their predecessors, expanding overland trade beyond its historical borderlands between Yunnan and upland Southeast Asia to journeys further afield by land, sea, and air.

Tʻai-kuo --- Hsien-lo --- Muang-Thai --- Thaimaa --- Prates Thai --- Prades Thai --- Kingdom of Thailand --- Prathēt Thai --- Tailand --- Thailandia --- Thajsko --- Royal Thai Government --- Ratcha Anachak Thai --- Koninkryk van Thailand --- تايلاند --- Tāylānd --- Tailandia --- Reino de Tailandia --- Tayilande --- Royômo de Tayilande --- Tayland Krallığı --- Pratet Tai --- Thài-kok --- Тайланд --- Каралеўства Тайланд --- Karaleŭstva Taĭland --- Tailandya --- Tajland --- Kraljevina Tajland --- Кралство Тайланд --- Kralstvo Taĭland --- Birmanskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Union of Burma --- Burma (Union) --- Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma --- Pyidaungsu Myanmma Naing Ngan-Daw --- Birmânia --- Mien Chin --- Burmah --- Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw --- Myanma Naingngandaw --- Pyidaungsu Socialist Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- Mranʻ mā --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Chuirhayʻlacʻ Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Union of Myanmar --- Myanma --- Republic of the Union of Myanmar --- Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw --- Mianmar --- Unie van Mianmar --- Unie van Birma --- Pyi-daung-zu Myan-mar Naing-ngan-daw --- Myanma Birliyi Respublikası --- М'янма --- M'i︠a︡nma --- Рэспубліка Саюз М'янма --- Rėspublika Sai︠u︡z M'i︠a︡nma --- П'ідаўнзу М'янма Найнганда --- P'idaŭnzu M'i︠a︡nma Naĭnhanda --- Саюз М'янма --- Sai︠u︡z M'i︠a︡nma --- Mijanmar --- Mijanmarska Unija --- Мианмар --- Република Съюз Мианмар --- Republika Sŭi︠u︡z Mianmar --- República de la Unió de Myanmar --- Birmanya --- Barma --- Svazová republika Myanmar --- Undeb Myanmar --- Myanmar Unionens Republik --- Pyidaungsu Thamada Myanmar Naing-Ngan-Daw --- Pye Tawngsu Thammada Myanma Naingngan --- Republik der Union von Myanmar --- Myanmari Liidu Vabariik --- Μιανμάρ --- ʼΕνωση του Μιανμαρ --- Enōsē tou Mianmar --- Βιρμανία --- Virmania --- Μπούρμα --- Bourma --- Δημοκρατία της ʼΕνωσης της Μιανμάρ --- Dēmokratia tēs Enōsēs tēs Mianmar --- Unión de Myanmar --- República de la Unión de Myanmar --- Birmo --- Mjanmao --- Mjanmaa Unio --- Myanmarko Batasuna --- République de l'Union du Myanmar --- Myanmarin tasavallan unioni --- Puruma --- Maenmar --- Unión de Birmania --- Mjanmar --- Mjanma --- Unija Mjanmar --- Mianmari Államszövetség Köztársasága --- ミャンマー --- 미얀마 --- Miyanma --- 버마 --- Bŏma --- 缅甸 --- Miandian --- Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Sammata Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ --- Chinese --- Muslims --- Migrations. --- Burma --- China --- Thailand --- Emigration and immigration. --- Ethnology --- Chinese diaspora --- Thaïlande --- Siam --- Birmanie --- Myanmar --- Birma --- Pyidaungzu Thammada Myanma Naingngandaw --- National Unity Government of Myanmar --- National Unity Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar